We are currently witnessing a scenario characterized by complexity and uncertainty , arising from globalization , the emergence of new communication technologies and economic and social changes , which forces us to rethink the management of organizations (how to redesign and modernize ) and , in a consistent way , the actions of its leaders ( what new roles, functions and behaviors must take these ) to appropriately respond to the challenges , as noted among others, Burke and Cooper (2006 ) in his book ' Leading in turbulent times' . Traditional styles , based on hierarchy , authority and the exercise of power , can not be considered as the only or best way ( although its use is too often), currently managing organizations ( Avolio , Walumbwa and Weber, 2009; Conger and Riggio , 2007). As rightly pointed Kotter (1990 ) ' can not be run organizations in the twenty-first century , with structures XX and XIX policy mentality '.
All these considerations compel us to reflect on what should be the role to be taken by mayors and heads of government of municipalities to manage, direct and, above all , lead the XXI century municipalities efficiently, successfully taking major challenges.