This text rise the need to update and rethink the Spanish Development Cooperation system, after the trajectory and experience achieved after almost twenty-three years since Law 23/1998, of 7 July, on International Development Cooperation was approved. Added to this are the commitments stemming from 2030 Global Agenda, and those relating to Spain’s alignment to the different dimensions presented by the World Urban Agenda and the impacts on development aid in European external action with the approval of the multiannual financial framework 2021-2027. These aspects are part of a scenario characterized by new challenges and high health, economic, social, environmental, security and governance vulnerabilities within international cooperation. This document is articulated around five key questions that mark a starting point, known as State of Art, combining synthetic notes and analytical conclusions linked to the topic with the author’s expert opinion and constructing responses with possible sustainable and efficient solutions.